Adopting a Statistical, Mechanistic, Integrated Surveillance, Thermal Biology, and Holistic (SMITH) Approach for Arbovirus Control in a Changing Climate: A Review of Evidence

Arbovirus control depends on accurate projections of likely changes in the arthropod vector species, essential to inform local and global public health authorities. According WHO Assembly Global Vector Control Response (GVCR), by 2030, burden vector-borne diseases, particularly arbovirus infections, is expected be greatly decreased. However, anthropogenic drivers, including climate change, insecticide resistance, a lack operational databases for risk management emerging re-emerging arboviruses, hinders effective implementation plans. This article presents statistical, mechanistic, integrated surveillance, thermal biology, holistic framework (termed SMITH) discuss how temperature variations affect biological transmission, replication, extrinsic incubation period, nutritional behavior, distribution, survival (TRENDS) arboviruses. Future transdisciplinary research that involves knowledge translation between communities required early detection growing threat posed arboviruses human, animal, planetary health.